Crohn's Disease

Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, usually the small and large intestines. It causes complaints such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, tiredness and weight loss. The disease is caused by an overactive immune system that attacks your own intestinal tissue, which can lead to damage and constrictions. Symptoms and severity vary widely from person to person, and the disease often progresses during periods of flares and remission. Although a cure is not possible, medications and sometimes surgery can help to reduce the symptoms.

The symptoms of Crohn's disease vary from person to person and may occur periodically. Common symptoms include:

Abdominal pain: often in the lower right abdomen.

Chronic diarrhoea: sometimes with blood or phlegm.

Fatigue: due to inflammation and poor absorption of nutrients.

Weight loss: due to decreased appetite and absorption problems.

Fever: in case of flares.

Anal complaints: such as cracks, fistulas or abscesses.

Lack of nutrients: due to malabsorption, such as iron or vitamin B12 deficiency.

In case of severe flares, general complaints such as nausea and loss of appetite can also occur.

The exact cause of Crohn's disease is not fully understood, but several factors are likely to play a role:

Genetic predisposition: People with family members who have Crohn's are more at risk.

Immune system: An overactive immune system can unfairly attack your own intestinal tissue.

Environmental factors: Smoking increases the risk and worsens the disease. Other possible factors include diet and stress, although these are not a direct cause.

Microbial influences: Changes in the intestinal flora can contribute to inflammation.

Living environment: Crohn's disease is more common in western countries, suggesting a link to lifestyle or hygiene.

The disease usually develops due to a combination of these factors.

To diagnose Crohn's disease, various examinations are possible. Often this starts with a blood test to find signs of inflammation or anemia, followed by a stool test to rule out infections. An endoscopy, such as a colonoscopy, is often performed to view the interior of the intestines and to take a biopsy for further examination. Imaging techniques, such as an MRI scan, CT scan, or ultrasound, can be used to reveal inflammation, constrictions, or other abnormalities in the gastrointestinal tract. In case of specific complaints, a swallowing photo of the small intestine may also be necessary. This combination of examinations helps to confirm the diagnosis and to map the course of the disease.

Crohn's disease treatment focuses on reducing inflammation, suppressing flares and improving quality of life. Medication is often the first step, including anti-inflammatories such as mesalazine, corticosteroids to combat acute flares, and immunosuppressants or biologic medications (such as TNF inhibitors) to regulate the immune system. In case of nutritional problems, a special diet or nutritional supplements may be necessary. If complications occur, such as constrictions or fistulas, surgery may be necessary to remove damaged bowel tissue. In addition, a healthy lifestyle plays a role: quitting smoking, stress management and regular medical check-ups help control the disease. Treatment is tailored to the severity and location of the disease and varies from person to person.

In Crohn's disease, there are various issues to consider, both when dealing with the disease and when treating it. It is important to take medication as prescribed and to keep in regular contact with the attending physician to monitor the course of the disease. Nutrition can play a major role; although there is no specific diet, some foods can make complaints worse. Keeping a food diary can help identify triggers.

Stress can have a negative impact on the course of the disease, so stress management is essential. Smoking is also an important factor: it not only increases the risk of flares, but can also reduce the effectiveness of treatments. Finally, it is crucial to be alert to complications, such as fistulas, abscesses or severe fatigue, and to discuss them with a doctor in good time. Regular check-ups and active involvement in one's own care process contribute to a better quality of life.