Ulcerative Colitis

Colitis is an inflammation of the colon associated with symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea and fatigue. There are various forms of colitis, including ulcerative colitis.

The symptoms of colitis may vary depending on the cause and severity of the inflammation. Common complaints include:

Abdominal pain and cramping, usually in the lower left part of the abdomen.

Diarrhea, often with blood, mucus, or pus.

Fatigue and general weakness.

Fever, especially with severe inflammation.

Weight loss and decreased appetite.

In severe forms: risk of dehydration due to prolonged diarrhoea.

Colitis can have various causes:

Autoimmune disorders such as ulcerative colitis, where the immune system attacks the colon.

Infections by bacteria (e.g. Salmonella), viruses (such as rotavirus), or parasites (e.g. amoebas).

Ischemia due to reduced blood flow to the colon, often in older people.

Allergies or food intolerances, such as lactose intolerance or gluten allergy (celiac disease).

Medication such as NSAIDs or antibiotics that disrupt the intestinal flora.

Radiation: radiation colitis can develop after radiation treatment in the abdominal region.

To diagnose colitis, various examinations can be performed:

Anamnesis and physical examination to identify symptoms and possible causes.

Blood tests to control levels of inflammation (CRP), anemia and infections.

Stool examination to rule out infections or parasites.

Endoscopy (colonoscopy): this looks at the colon internally and allows biopsies to be taken.

Imaging, such as a CT scan, MRI, or ultrasound, to evaluate complications or alternative causes.

Blood culture if systemic infections are suspected.

Treatment for colitis depends on the cause:

Medication: anti-inflammatories such as mesalazine, corticosteroids, or immunosuppressants (for ulcerative colitis or other autoimmune disorders).

Antibiotics: in case of bacterial infections.

Moisture and food supplements: to correct dehydration or diarrhoea deficiencies.

Dietary advice: avoiding foods that aggravate symptoms (e.g. lactose or fats).

Operation: in severe cases, such as toxic megacolon or bowel perforation, part of the colon may have to be removed.

In the case of colitis, it is important to follow the prescribed treatment carefully and not to stop medication prematurely, even if the symptoms decrease. Keeping a food diary can help identify foods that worsen symptoms so that they can be avoided. Adequate hydration is essential, especially in case of diarrhea, to prevent dehydration. Pay close attention to signs of complications, such as severe abdominal pain, fever or persistent blood loss, and call a doctor immediately if you have these symptoms. Stress management also plays an important role, as stress can make symptoms worse. Smoking can negatively affect the condition, so quitting smoking is strongly recommended. Finally, regular check-ups with a specialist are necessary to monitor the course of the disease and to treat complications in a timely manner. With a careful approach, the symptoms can often be managed well.